Which of the following is true about spoofing methods ARP, DNS, IP?

• A. They are all examples of spoofing methods used to misrepresent identity
• B. They are encryption standards
• C. They are authentication protocols
• D. They are routing algorithms

Answer: (A)

Spoofing in networking is about pretending to be someone else to mislead devices or systems. ARP spoofing tricks devices on a local network by sending forged ARP messages, causing hosts to associate the attacker’s MAC address with a legitimate IP. This lets the attacker intercept or alter traffic meant for another computer. DNS spoofing manipulates the answers from a domain name system, returning false IPs so users reach a malicious site instead of the legitimate one. IP spoofing forges the source IP address in packets, making it look like the traffic comes from another host, which can be used to bypass filters, hide true origin, or launch certain attacks.

These are all about misrepresenting identity, not about encryption standards, authentication protocols, or routing decisions, which is why this statement is the best description. Defenses include things like dynamic ARP inspection, DNSSEC, and anti-spoofing measures such as ingress filtering.